What Would Jimmy Do?

I went to a new restaurant yesterday — called Biscuit World. Their entire menu is is made up of biscuit dishes. I guess it’s a small “chain” — there are a number of them, but this is the first in our immediate area. It originated here in West Virginia.

When I grew up in Oklahoma, biscuits were a mainstay at most meals. When I was little, I wasn’t aware of any such thing as “canned” or “frozen” biscuits — they were all homemade. I remember that one of my granddads had biscuits every morning for breakfast. My grandmother made a big pan of them every day and he usually ate them all.
Later, after I left Oklahoma and became more “worldly” I learned that biscuits were originally pretty much a southern thing. 

The word biscuit comes from the Latin “biscotus,” which means twice-baked, and in medieval times probably resembled what we now call biscotti. Today, when Europeans, and especially the British, refer to biscuits, they’re talking about something much different than the little tubes of Pillsbury frozen biscuit dough you see in our food stores.

As part of their rations, soldiers in ancient Rome received biscuits and, in 1588, biscuits were introduced to Great Britain and included as part of rations for sailors in the Royal Navy. The Navy’s “biscuits” were called hardtack and were hard and flavorless, but kept well aboard their ships. For the longer sea-journeys, the biscuits (made only of flour, water, and salt) were baked four times and prepared six months in advance so they’d be sufficiently dry for the journey and wouldn’t spoil. 

Later, in the “colonies,” they became a mainstay because they could be baked quickly and required few ingredients. 
They apparently became popular in the Souther colonies, because successful wheat harvests gave the colonists access to fresh flour and cows and pigs supplied buttermilk and lard — that’s when biscuits gradually started to transform into something more like we know today.

Even though yeast was available to the colonists, it was expensive and was difficult to store. Baking soda and baking powder hadn’t been invented yet, so the biscuits were unleavened. To improve their texture, cooks developed a technique of beating the dough to introduce some air, which made the biscuits rise, at least a little. That was very labor intensive, so housewives usually gave that duty to slaves. In fact, if it hadn’t been for Black bakers, biscuits might not have ever become popular throughout the country.

The restaurant that I went to yesterday is a kind of upscale fast-food type of place. I was thinking that just about every fast-food chain today has a biscuit on their menu. From what I can tell, Hardee’s was the first fast-food chain to add biscuits to their menu in the 1970s. Hardee’s owner happened to eat a biscuit sandwich at a small restaurant. He was a bit skeptical, but he tested a biscuit sandwich in Virginia Beach and it was almost immediately successful. Today, biscuit breakfast sandwiches are available in just about all fast-food establishments. 
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I’ve been reading a book about Theodore Roosevelt. Here’s a quote by him from the book:

“Here is your country. Cherish these natural wonders, cherish the natural resources, cherish the history and romance as a sacred heritage, for your children and your children’s children. Do not let selfish men or greedy interest skin your country of its beauty, its riches or its romance.”

Maybe all politicians aren’t the same……
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I went to church yesterday (Ash Wednesday.) It was raining and just a crummy day, but there were more people in church than I’d seen in a long time. The lines were fairly long to get the ashes and for communion and although it’s really not what I should have been thinking about standing in line, I got to wondering about bread and wine…. why did Jesus choose bread and wine? Why not beer and pretzels, or coffee and donuts? 

Well, I guess if you think about it, there probably weren’t any microbreweries or Starbucks around then, and I believe the Last Supper was a Passover meal, and Passover meals featured unleavened bread and wine…. with a sacrificed lamb. 

Bread and wine were probably chosen for both practical and symbolic reasons… bread was, and still is, a staple food in Jewish culture. It represented daily sustenance, and pretty much was “the bread of life.” And wine was a regular part of festive meals — it symbolized joy and covenant blessings. 
Also, no matter where you lived in those times, bread and wine were part of life — they were common and accessible, so transforming these ordinary things into extraordinary symbols made a statement.
We are told that Jesus is the “Bread of Life,” meaning that just like bread nourishes the body, Jesus nourishes the soul. And wine already had a spiritual symbolism, but Jesus give it deeper meaning by linking it to His sacrificial death. 

So I imagine the choice of bread and wine was possibly/probably because they were practical, meaningful and deeply rooted in Jewish religious tradition, and everyday life. Obviously, Jesus gave them more significance by tying them directly to His mission to bring salvation. 

And I guess now might be a good time to mention that I learned a new word — transubstantiation. It means the change of the whole substance of bread into the substance of the Body off Christ and of the whole substance of wine into the substance of His blood. The change is brought about in the eucharistic prayer through the efficacy of the word of Christ and by the action of the Hold Spirit.
Have a blessed Lent….
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Yesterday I talked about using the word “aught” to mean “zero.” I probably should have also mentioned that although most people that I knew used the word aught, some said the word “naught.” The dictionary says that naught means “nothing,” so I can see why some people used it when referring to zero. But if you dig a little further, some dictionaries say that its use is archaic or restricted to literary uses. It’s most often used in sentences or phrases like “His studying was for naught, since he flunked.” 
So I guess if you’re into these old words, the rule of thumb is “aught” is preferred when dealing with numbers and “naught” is preferred outside of math.

Now that that’s our of the way, you might be interested to learn that the word “naughty” is derived from “naught” — like, someone might have naught morals or manners. But the original meaning of naughty was “poor.”

And I suppose we should give “nice” equal time with “naughty” — after all, they seem to kind of go together. Nice is from the Latin nescius, that means not-knowing. So nice originally meant foolish or ignorant. It didn’t used to be nice to be nice. But over time, the word’s meaning took on a number of meanings. Today, someone is considered nice if they’re polite and kind. 

I usually think of naughty and nice mostly around Christmas time — we always told our kids and grandkids that Santa Clause kept a naughty and nice list. The fact that Santa kept these lists didn’t become apparent until the song “Santa Claus Is Coming to Town” became popular (in 1934, according to my extensive research.) I guess it’s good that the song wasn’t written earlier because naughty and nice meant something very different than what they do today.
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We were having a conversation the other day and a guy said something like, well that’s not the way we did it back in aught four. I hadn’t heard “aught” used as a number in a long time, but when I was growing up, it seemed like that’s what everyone said. Take 703 for instance — today we usually say “seven zero three.” But when I was little, at least in Oklahoma, most people would say “seven aught three.”

That’s just the way people talked — they’d say “back in aught-four Bush was president….” or something like that. According to the dictionary, using the term “aught” could mean both “zero” and “anything.”
So aught is an old-fashioned word that was fairly commonly used in the past to mean zero. There are a number of  reasons that the use of aught to mean zero has declined — or gone away entirely….

Aught could mean both nothing and anything — that led to confusion. If you said he has aught of sense, it could mean he has some sense or no sense — depending on interpretation.   
As mathematics and science advanced, zero became the universally accepted term — especially in education, business and technology.
Over time, English speakers naturally favored other words, like nothing or simply zero, which were clearer and more commonly used in everyday speech.
Aught was more common in older English dialects, especially in Britain, but it gradually faded from everyday American and even British English.

But even today, you still find some old codgers that use aught in certain phrases — like referring to the early 2000s as “the aughts.”
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I’m not sure why I’m on the subject of numbers lately, but the subject came up fairly recently during a discussion about Angel Numbers — it seems like a lot of people weren’t aware of them. But just about everyone has a “lucky” number, or at least a favorite number. And for a lot of people, that number is 1. 
You may have heard the saying, “Make a wish when the clock shows 11:11!” Some people really believe there’s something to that.
It occurs to me that 11/11 is Veterans Day in the US and Remembrance Day in many parts of the world. So I guess that if you made a wish at 11:11 on 11/11 you’d have really good luck.

For some reason, making a wish at 11:11 is thought to be a particularly strong time to make a wish. Numerologists believe that November 11 is the luckiest day of the year (day 11 in month 11) because of its full potential for wish-granting, especially when the wish is made at 11:11!

So — what does 1111 symbolize? According to some numerologists, November 11 expressed simply as 1111 is an angel number. Angel numbers are number sequences (usually made up of three or four digits) that exhibit repetition such as 777, 2222, and/or patterns such as 234 or 1212. Angel numbers supposedly communicate messages from your guardian angels and the spiritual universe that offer insight, wisdom and directionality. 
One thought is that the “ones” in the angel number 1111 signify new beginnings. 1111 signals the start of a new journey or that you are already on the right path. When you see 1111 as a time, or on a license plate, house number, phone number, etc., angels are trying to convey a message to you — like, a good and positive change in your life will occur soon and that you should have faith in the message and hope for a happy outcome. 

Experiencing 11:11 am or 11:11 pm, especially on November 11 (11/11) is particularly powerful for bringing positive energy into your life that will bring joy and happiness.
Besides being special because of Veteran’s Day and Remembrance Day, November 11 is a one-of-a-kind date. It’s the only one that can be expressed with four of the same digits — 11/11. There is no other such date. For instance, 22/22 isn’t a valid calendar date, since the month number can’t exceed 12.

I read that a lot of couples arrange their weddings on dates like 11/11 because of its mathematical and spirit uniqueness. I guess being married on 11/11 is easy to remember — and, it probably contributes to additional happiness.
I also read that the number of c-section births increase on 11/11 because many couples would like to have their child born on 11/11 — that brings luck, optimism, positive energy and happiness into their lives.
So keep your eye out for those ones strung together. And if you do see them, don’t forget to make a wish at that moment.
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Last time, when the subject was palindrome numbers, I should have mentioned a kind of special date — February 2, 2020.
What makes this date so unique?

02/02/2020 was extra special because it has the distinction of reading the same backward and forward when written out in eight digits in multiple date systems. 
In European countries, dates are written as day/month/year, so this date qualifies as a palindrome number in that format — and — in the typical US format of month/day/year. 
Remember this — you’ll be a hit at your next party…..
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Seems Like the subject around here lately has been related to numbers. So I thought today might be a good time to discuss palindrome numbers. Palindrome is a term for when a word or phrase is spelled the same way backward as it is forward. Some examples include madam, racecar, kayak, civic, and radar. But number sequences, dates and times can also be palindromes, like 5/20/2025 and 11:11. 

Palindrome dates are fairly rare, and maybe for that reason, they are believed to be lucky. If you want to check that out, here are the palindrome dates that will occur in 2025:
5/2/25    5/20/25    5/21/25    5/22/25    5/23/25    5/24/25    5/25/25
5/26/25    5/27 25    5/28/25    5/29/25 
These dates are expressed in short using only the rightmost two digits of the year number in the month/day/year format.
Date number written in short form using only the rightmost two digits of the year repeat every century, so all the short-written dates in 2025 will repeat again in 2125. But the date expressed as 5/20/2025 won’t repeat.

In case you’re wondering, I became more aware of palindrome dates when picking a date for Claire’s funeral. Because of scheduling at the church, we had several to choose from, but 4/20/24 kind of jumped out because it was a palindrome number. I don’t consider it to be lucky, but maybe it was a sign…..
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I was talking to a friend who had attended an event at the Community Club in Shepherdstown recently and she said it was very nice and much more formal than most are around here. She said that everyone was dressed to the nines. 

I’ve heard that expression fairly often over the years, and I always wondered, nine what? I guess I’ve always known that “dressed to the nines” is a way of saying that a person is really “dressed up” or dressed to perfection and really looks nice. But what does “nine” have to do with being nicely dressed?

Well, my extensive research turned up the fact that people were using the phrase “to the nines” maybe a hundred years before it became associated with clothes or the way we dressed. So where did it originate? Even my extensive research failed to come up with a clear answer. I found a lot of different answers and partial answers. A couple of sources said that the phrase “dressed to the nines,” meaning “dressed in a highly elaborate or showy manner,” is a specific application of the Scottish phrase ”to the nine(s).” Well, ok, but what does that mean? Everyone seems to agree that the phrase wasn’t originally associated with one’s dress. 

In a letter written by William Hamilton on July 24, 1719, he wrote: “The bonny Lines therein thou sent me. How to the nines they did content me.” Supposedly, its meaning is “to perfection — just right.” Try as I might, I couldn’t find a definitive explanation of the nine in “to the nine(s).””Dressed to the nines” started to be used in the 19th century. A lot of ideas have surfaced linking clothing with the number nine. One idea says that the phrase comes from the nine yards of material a tailor needs to make a really nice suit. But most tailors agree that four to five yards of fabric should be enough for a three-piece suit.
Another story of its origin says the phrase refers to the 99th Regiment of Foot, a British army regiment established in 1842 that was known for the immaculate condition of their uniforms.
Another theory is that the phrase descends from the Old English saying “dressed to the eyes,” which because Old English was weird, was written as “dressed to then eyne.” The thought is that someone at some point heard “then eyne” and mistook it for “the nine” or “the nines.”

But nonetheless, the simpler phrases “to the nine” and “to the nines” were already used to mean “to perfection” for maybe a hundred years before “dressed to the nines” came along. 
Just how the number nine came to be a part of the phrase certainly isn’t clear and doesn’t seem to have been specific to clothing.

Why nine…. it could still be a misheard “then eyne” and refer to the eyes. It might also refer to some group of nine. Nine pops up in myths and history all over the world. In Norse cosmology, the great tree Yggdrasil unites nine worlds. The ancient Greeks had nine muses. In Christianity, there are nine spiritual gifts of the Holy Spirit. In Europe during the Middle Ages, the Nine Worthies were men drawn from pagan, Jewish and Christian history as personifications of chivalry. Maybe the “nines” we use when talking about snappy dressers is referring to one of those groups — or something else.
But — after all my extensive research, I decided maybe all these theories were wrong….. maybe they were referring to being “dressed from head to toe” — the nines are the ears — roughly shaped like the number nine….
So I don’t think anyone really knows the answer to “why nine?” But I’m pretty sure it’s always a compliment.
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I had lunch with a number of  friends last week and two of the friends came in together. One of the ladies said, “and here comes Tweedledee and Tweedledum.” I hadn’t heard that for a long time. I remember hearing it a lot more when I was younger — especially when I was a kid. 
Anyhow, I figured that would be as good a topic as any to mull over today.

Most people know that Tweediedum and Tweediedee are characters from “Through the Looking Glass” by Lewis Carroll. The books that I remember reading as a kid portrayed them as round, childlike twins that are nearly indistinguishable in both their appearance and their personality. 

But some of my extensive research discovered that those names were used more than a century before Carroll wrote the book.
Tweediedum and Tweediedee first appeared in a satirical poem by an English poet by the name of John Byrom in 1725. He used the names to mock a trivial disagreement between two composers — George Frideric Handel and Giovanni Bononcini. It reads:
Some say, compar’d to Bononcini,
That Mynheer Handel’s sound divine;
Some say that Bononcini,
Compared to Handel’s is a ninny;
Others aver, that there are few
So much disturb’d by tweedle-dum and tweedle-dee.

Lewis Carroll introduced Tweedledum and Tweedledee as living characters.  Alice encountered them in the forest where they recited their famous nursery rhyme:
Tweedledum and Tweedledee
Agreed to have a battle
For Tweedledum said Tweedledee
Had spoiled his nice new rattle.

According to the rhyme, the twins argue over a broken rattle, prepare for a fight, but are ultimately distracted by a passing crow. Carroll portrayed them as humorous, stubborn, and childishly absurd, enhancing their symbolic role as figures of meaningless conflict. The phrase over time came to mean two people who are practically identical — often with insignificant differences.

Sometimes, Tweedledum and Twidledee symbolize deeper themes beyond their surface-level comedic images.
In politics, the phrase “Tweedledum and Tweedledee” is often used to criticized two opposing parties that seem different but share similar flaws or ideologies.
The iconic quarrel over a broken rattle shows how trivial man arguments are…
That symbolizes how external events often overshadows petty disputes, making the conflict seem ridiculous in hindsight.

And Tweedledum and Tweedledee have appeared in some modern adaptations — some with creative twists that emphasize the comedic and symbolic nature of the two.
They appeared in Disney’s “Alice in Wonderland.” Disney’s version made them more childlike and playful — more focused on their comic aspect rather than conflict.
On TV, BBC’s “Alice Through the Looking Glass” took a more traditional portrayal, staying true to the original dialogue and nursery rhyme context.
There’s even a criminal duo named Tweedledum and Tweedledee in DC Comics (Batman Universe.) They’re cousins rather than twins, but they engage in petty crime.
I think they even appear in some video games, but I’m not sure which ones. 

Anyhow, they’re pretty cool characters — they can be, or symbolize, just about anything.
Just use your imagination….
Contrariwise, 
if it was so, 
it might be;
and if it were so,
it would be;but as it isn’t,
it ain’t.
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